The European Parliament has endorsed a controversial overhaul of migration rules aimed at increasing the number of people deported from the European Union, marking a significant shift toward stricter enforcement policies.
The legislation, approved by a clear majority of lawmakers, seeks to address what supporters describe as a long-standing weakness in the EU’s migration system: the low rate of returns for people who have no legal right to remain. Currently, only a fraction of those ordered to leave the bloc are actually deported, a gap policymakers say undermines credibility and public trust.
At the heart of the reform is the creation of a more unified EU-wide framework. Under the new rules, return decisions issued in one member state would be recognised and enforced across the entire bloc. This would allow authorities to act more quickly and prevent individuals from evading deportation by moving between countries.
The proposal also introduces a “European return order,” designed to streamline procedures and improve coordination through shared databases such as the Schengen Information System.
One of the most contentious elements is the possibility of sending rejected asylum seekers to third countries that are not their country of origin. These facilities often referred to as “return hubs” could serve either as transit centres or longer-term holding locations while deportation is arranged.
Supporters argue that partnerships with non-EU countries would make returns more efficient and reduce pressure on European asylum systems. Several governments have already explored agreements with external partners to host such centres.
The legislation also allows for extended detention periods in certain cases, potentially up to two years, particularly when authorities believe an individual may abscond or obstruct removal procedures.
In addition, the new framework strengthens enforcement tools, aiming to ensure that return decisions are actually carried out rather than remaining largely symbolic.
The vote reflects changing political dynamics within the European Parliament, where centre-right and right-wing parties have increasingly pushed for stronger migration controls. Advocates of the reform say it is a necessary response to irregular migration and a way to restore order to the system.
However, the measures have sparked strong opposition from left-leaning lawmakers and civil society groups. Critics argue the plan risks undermining fundamental rights, particularly by enabling transfers to countries with which migrants have no connection and where oversight may be limited.
Human rights organisations have also raised concerns about the lack of independent monitoring mechanisms for facilities established outside the EU, warning of potential legal and ethical implications.
The reform fits into a wider tightening of EU migration policy in recent years, following political pressure to curb irregular arrivals and improve border management. It complements the broader Migration and Asylum Pact, which is set to take effect in 2026 and aims to harmonise asylum procedures across member states.
Before becoming law, the proposal will need to be negotiated with EU member states, meaning its final form could still change. Nonetheless, the parliamentary vote signals a clear direction: a more restrictive and coordinated approach to migration enforcement across Europe.
Photo: X/@visegrad24 / Gareth Fuller/PA
Tomasz Modrzejewski
