A steam locomotive based in Kent, Sir Keith Park, is undergoing a significant change as it will be renamed 303 Squadron for one year. 

This renaming pays tribute to the Polish squadron that played a vital role in the Battle of Britain, protecting the UK from invasion from Nazi Germany in the beginning of WWII. The decision to rename the locomotive is seen as a living memorial honouring the sacrifices made by Polish freedom fighters. 

The current name, Sir Keith Park, pays tribute to Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park, who defended south-east England and London during the Battle of Britain. The Polish 303 Squadron, to which the locomotive will be renamed, operated under Sir Keith Park’s command and achieved outstanding success during the Battle of Britain.

Peter Spowage, representing Southern Locomotives, expressed pride in commemorating the Polish squadron’s contribution to the country’s defence, highlighting the company’s tradition of naming engines after British heroes. The locomotive operates on the Spa Valley Railway from Tunbridge Wells.

After the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the subsequent collapse of France, Polish military units retreated to Britain. By 1940, approximately 8,000 Polish airmen had made their way across the English Channel to contribute to the ongoing war efforts.

In contrast to the majority of British recruits, the Polish forces had already been involved in combat. Despite their extensive experience, which surpassed that of many British counterparts, the Polish airmen were initially met with scepticism.

Following an agreement with the Polish government, the Polish Air Force (PAF) attained independent status while remaining under the command of the Royal Air Force (RAF). Subsequently, the first Polish squadrons were established, comprising two bomber squadrons and two fighter squadrons, notably 302 and 303, which would emerge as the most accomplished units in the battle.

Once engaged in combat, the Polish squadrons swiftly earned a reputation for their remarkable fearlessness, precision, and expertise. Despite their late entry into the battle, Squadron 303 achieved the highest number of victories throughout the entire Battle of Britain, downing 126 German fighter planes in only 42 days. Polish fighter squadrons gained widespread recognition for their remarkable success rates, while their ground crew were lauded for their efficiency and exceptional reliability.

A ceremony is scheduled to take place on 1 September at Eridge Station (Kent) for that occasion. 

Image: X (@lukehouse313)

Author: Sébastien Meuwissen